ANDORRA
In the XIIIth century, there were a lot of fields in the valleys of Andorra. Only one thousand people lived in some villages: Canillo, Encamp, Ordino, La Massana, Sta Coloma et Sant Julià.
There were oaks at the bottom of the valleys and pine trees and fir trees on the top of the green mountains.
People grew wheat and vegetables and bred cows, sheep, goats, pigs and horses.
They picked up raspberries, wild strawberries, cherries, blackberries, walnuts, hazelnuts in the woods.
They grew apples, pears and quinces in the garden.
They picked up plenty of wild mushrooms in spring and autumn.
Wolves and some brown bears were living in the mountains. They were dangerous and undesirable.
The "Grandalla" (the Narcissus), the "Campànula blava" (the Bellflower), the "Narcís de muntanya" (the Mountain Daffodil) and the "Pastorella" (the Gentian) grew in the beautiful landscape.
The most important rivers were : the "Valira del Nord", the "Valira d'Orient" and the "Grand Valira". People used the natural power of the rivers in the water mills to grind the wheat.
People caught fish in the clear waters of the rivers and the lakes.
In winter, the villagers fed the animals with the grass that they had picked up in summer. The animals couldn't go out because of the snow. They lived on the ground floor and heated up the floor above.
The farmers made cheese and they killed the pigs. They had enough pork meat for all the year. They kept it with salt and they exchanged it against other products. In the smithies, they made iron tools like axes, sickles, felling axes…
They made wooden tools too: ploughs, collars for the animals, hatchets …
In the spring, they ploughed the earth and they cut the branches of the trees. Working in the fields was very important but people above all lived on the rearing of cows, goats and sheep. It was very difficult to grow wheat and vegetables because it was too cold in the mountains of Andorra.